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CONVENTION 


BETWEEN 


lilSMSOfiiCflllNDmiNmS, 


WITH  RESPECT  TO 


THE  LAWS  AND  CUSTOMS  OF  WAR  ON  LAND. 


(iENKIlAL  OltDKRS,  No.  52,  JUNE  11,  1002. 


ADJUTANTP   e|?iQH<:^i(Vl^*S  .OFISi^ICK. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 
1902. 


M3 


General  Orders,  1  HEADQUARTERS  OF  THE  ARMY, 
I  Adjutant-General's  Office, 

No.  53.  J  Washington,  June  11,  1902. 

By  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  following  act  of 
The  Hague  Peace  Conference,  proclaimed  by  the  President  on 
the  nth  day  of  April,  1902,  is  published  for  the  information 
and  government  of  all  concerned,  in  connection  with  the  pre- 
vious acts  of  the  Conference  published  in  General  Orders,  No. 
4,  January  15,  1903,  from  this  office : 


CONVENTION  BETWEEN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA  AND  CER- 
TAIN POWERS,  WITH  RESPECT  TO  THE  LAWS  AND  CUSTOMS  OF  WAR 
ON  LAND. 


Signed  at  The  Hague  July  29,  1809. 

Ratification  advised  by  the  Senate  March  lU,  1902. 

Ratified  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  March  19,  1902. 

Ratifications  deposited  with  the  Netherlands  Government  September  k,  1000. 

Proclaimed  April  11,  1002. 

By  the  Pregidext  of  the  Umted  States  of  America. 

A  PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas  a  Convention  with  respect  to  the  laws  and  customs  of  war  on  land  was 
concluded  and  signed  on  July  29,  1899,  by  the  Plcnipotentiaiies  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  Germany,  Austria-Hungary,  Belgium,  Denmark,  Spain,  3Iexico,  France, 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Greece,  Italy,  Japan,  Luxembourg,  Montenegro,  the 
Netherlands,  Persia,  Portugal,  Roumauia,  Russia,  Servia,  Siam,  Sweden  and  Norway, 
Turkey,  and  Bulgaria,  the  original  of  which  Convention,  in  the  French  language, 
is  word  for  word  as  follows : 

[Translation.] 

CONVE.NTION    WITH    RESPECT  TO  THE    LAWS      CONVENTION      CONCERNANT     LE8      LOIS     ET 
AND    CUST0.MS    OF    WAR    OX    LAND.  COVTl'MES    1)E   LA   GlERRE    SUR  TERRE. 

His  Majesty  the   Emperor  of  Germany,  Sa     Majeste     TEmpereur     d'^lemagne. 

King  of  Prussia  ;  His  Majesty  the  Em-  Roi  de  Prusse  ;  Sa  Majesto  I'Empereur 

peror  of  Austria,  King  of  Bohemia  etc.  d'Autriche,  Roi  de  BohGnie  etc.  et  Roi 

and  Apostolic  King  of  Hungary;  His  Apostolique  de  Hongrie;  Sa  Majesty  le 

Majesty  the   King  of    the    Belgians;  Roi  des  Beiges;  Sa  Majeste  lo  Roi  de 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Denmark  ;  His  Danemark;  Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  d'Espagne 


349136 


.  .-2 


Majesty  the  King  of  Spain  and  in  His 
Name  Her  Majesty  the  Queen  Regent 
of  the  Kingdom ;  the  President  of  tlie 
United  States  of  America ;  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  Mexican  States;  the 
President  of  tlie  French  Republic  ;  Her 
Majesty  the  Queen  of  the  United  King- 
dom of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Em- 
press of  India ;  His  Majesty  the  King 
of  the  Hellenes ;  His  Majesty  the  King 
of  Italy ;  His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of 
Japan  :  His  Royal  Highness  the  Grand 
Duke  of  Luxemburg,  Duke  of  Nassau  ; 
His  Highness  the  Prince  of  Monte- 
negro ;  Her  Majesty  the  Queen  of  the 
Netherlands  ;  His  Imperial  IMajesty  tlie 
Shah  of  Persia ;  His  Majesty  the  King 
of  Portugal  and  of  the  Algarves  etc. ; 
His  Majesty  the  King  of  Roumania ; 
His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  all  the 
Russias;  His  Majesty  the  King  of 
Servia  ;  His  Majesty  the  King  of  Siam  ; 
His  Majesty  the  King  of  Sweden  and 
Norway;  His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of 
the  Ottomans  and  His  Royal  Highness 
the  Prince  of  Bulgaria. 
Considering  that,  while  seeking  means 
to  preserve  peace  and  prevent  armed  con- 
flicts among  nations,  it  is  likewise  neces- 
sary to  have  regard  to  cases  where  an 
appeal  to  arms  may  be  caused  by  events 
\vhich  their  solicitude  could  not  avert; 

Animated  by  the  desire  to  serve,  even 
in  this  extreme  hypothesis,  the  interests 
of  humanity  and  the  ever  increasing  re- 
quirements of  civilization; 

Thinking  it  important,  with  this  object, 
to  revise  the  laws  and  general  customs  of 
■war,  either  with  the  view  of  defining  them 
more  precisely,  or  of  laying  down  certain 
limits  for  the  purpose  of  modifying  their 
severity  as  far  as  possible; 

Inspired  by  these  views  which  are  en- 
joined at  the  present  day,  as  they  were 
twenty-five  years  ago  at  the  time  of  the 
Rrussels  Conference  in  1874,  by  a  wise 
and  generous  foresight; 

Have,  in  this  spirit,  adopted  a  great 
number  of  provisions,  the  object  of  which 
is  to  define  and  govern  the  usages  of  war 
on  land. 


et  en  Son  Nom  Sa  Majeste  la  Reine- 
Regente  du  Royaume ;  le  President 
des  Etats-Unis  d'Ani6rique;  le  Presi- 
dent des  Etats-Unis  Mexicains;  le 
President  de  la  Republique  Franyaise  ; 
Sa  Majeste  la  Heine  du  Royaunie-Unl 
de  la  Grande  Bretagne  et  d'Irlande, 
Imperatrice  des  Indes ;  Sa  Majeste  le 
Roi  des  Hellenes ;  Sa  Majeste  le  Roi 
d'ltalie;  Sa  Majeste  TEmpereur  du 
Japon ;  Son  Altesse  Royale  le  Gnind- 
Duc  de  Luxembourg,  Due  de  Nassau ; 
Son  Altesse  le  Prince  de  Montenegro ; 
Sa  3Iajeste  la  Heine  des  Pays-Bas ;  Sa 
Majeste  Imperiale  le  Schah  de  Perse; 
Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Portugal  et  des 
Algarves  etc. ;  Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de 
Roumanie;  Sa  Majeste  I'Empereur  de 
Toutes  les  Russies ;  Sa  Majeste  le  Roi 
de  Serbie  ;  Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Siam  ; 
Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Su6de  et  de  Nor- 
vege  ;  Sa  Majeste  I'Empereur  des  Otto- 
mans et  Son  Altesse  Royale  le  Prince 
de  Bulgarie 


Considerant  que,  tout  en  recherchant 
les  nioyens  de  sauvegarder  la  paix  et  de 
prevenir  les  conflits  amies  entre  les  na- 
tions, il  importe  de  se  preoccuper  egale- 
ment  du  cas  ou  Tappel  aux  armes  serait 
amene  par  des  evenements  que  Leur  solli- 
citude  n'aurait  pu  detouruer; 

Animes  du  desir  de  servir  encore,  dans 
cette  hypothese  extreme,  les  interets  de 
I'humanite  et  les  exigences  toujours  pro- 
gressives de  la  civilisation; 

Estimant  qu'il  importe,  k  cette  fin,  de 
reviser  les  lols  et  coutumes  generales  de 
la  guerre,  soit  dans  le  but  de  les  deflnir 
avec  plus  de  precision,  soit  afin  d'y  tracer 
certaines  limites  destinees  k  en  restreindre 
autant  que  possible  les  rigueurs; 

S'inspirant  de  ces  viies  recommandees 
aujourd'hui,  connne  il  y  a  viugt-cinq  ans, 
lors  de  la  Conference  de  Bruxelles  de  1874, 
l)ar  une  sageet  geuereuse  prevoyance; 

Ont,  dans  cet  esprit,  adopte  un  grand 
nonibre  de  dispositions  qui  ont  pour  objet 
de  definir  et  de  regler  les  usages  de  la 
guerre  sur  terre. 


3 


In  view  of  the  High  Contracting  Par- 
ties, these  provisions,  the  wording  of 
which  has  been  inspired  by  the  desire  to 
diminish  the  evils  of  war  so  far  as  mili- 
tary necessities  permit,  are  destined  to 
serve  as  general  rules  of  conduct  for  bel- 
ligerents in  their  relations  with  eacb 
other  and  with  jjopulations. 

It  has  not,  however,  been  possible  to 
agree  forthwith  on  provisions  embracing 
all  the  circumstances  which  occur  in 
practice. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  could  not  be  in- 
tended by  the  High  Contracting  Parties 
that  the  cases  not  provided  for  should, 
for  want  of  a  written  provision,  be  left  to 
the  arbitrary  judgment  of  the  military 
Commanders. 

Until  a  more  complete  code  of  the  laws 
of  war  is  issued,  the  High  Contracting 
Parties  think  it  right  to  declare  that  in 
cases  not  included  in  the  liegulatious 
adopted  by  them,  populations  and  bellig- 
erents remain  under  the  protection  and 
empire  of  the  principles  of  international 
law,  as  they  result  from  the  usages  estab- 
lished between  civilized  nations,  fro;ii  the 
laws  of  humanity,  and  the  requirements 
of  the  public  conscience  ; 

They  declare  that  it  is  in  this  sense 
especially  that  Articles  I  and  II  of  the 
Regulations  adopted  must  be  understood; 

The  High  Contracting  Parties,  desiring 
to  conclude  a  Convention  to  this  effect, 
have  appointed  as  their  Plenipotentiaries, 
to  wit : 

His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Geraiany, 
King  of  Prussia  :  His  Excellency  Count  de 
Munster,  Prince  of  Derneburg,  His  Am- 
bassador at  Paris. 

His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Austria, 
King  of  Bohemia,  etc.,  and  Ai)Ostolic 
King  of  Hungary :  His  Excellency  Count 
R.  de  Welsersheimb,  His  Ambassador 
Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary;  Mr, 
Alexander  Okolicsanyi  d'Okolicsua,  His 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary at  The  Hague. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  the  Belgians : 
His  Excellency  Mr.  Auguste  Beernaert, 


Selon  les  vues  des  Hautes  Parties  cou- 
tractantes,  ces  dispositions,  dont  la  redac- 
tion a  ete  inspiree  par  le  desir  de  di- 
minuer  les  maux  de  la  guerre,  autant  que 
les  necessites  militaires  le  permettent, 
sont  destinees  a  servir  de  regie  generale 
de  conduite  aux  belligerauts,  dans  leurs 
rapports  entre  eux  et  avec  les  populations. 

II  n'a  pas  ete  possible  toutefois  de  con- 
certer  des  maintenant  des  stipulations 
s'etendant  k  toutes  les  circonstances  qui 
se  preseutent  dans  la  pratique. 

D'autre  part,  il  ne  pouvait  entrer  dans 
les  intentions  des  Hautes  Parties  Con- 
tractantes  que  les  cas  non  prevus  fussent, 
faute  de  stipulation  ecrite,  laissees  a  I'ap- 
preciation  arbitraire  de  ceux  qui  dirigeut 
les  armees. 

En  attendant  qu'uu  code  plus]  complet 
des  lois  de  la  guerre  puisse  etre  edicte, 
les  Hautes  Parties  Contractantes  jugent 
opportun  de  coustater  que,  dans  les  cas 
non  compris  dans  les  dispositions  regle- 
meutaires  adoptees  par  Elles,  les  popula- 
tions et  les  belligerauts  restent  sous  la 
sauvegarde  et  sous  I'empire  des  princi- 
pes  du  droit  des  gens,  tels  qu'ils  resultent 
des  usages  etablis  entre  nations  civilisees, 
des  lois  de  Thumanite  et  des  exigences  de 
la  conscience  publique. 

Elles  declarent  que  c'est  dans  ce  sens 
que  doiveut  s'eutendre  notamment  les 
articles  un  et  deux  du  Reglement  adoptS: 

Les  Hautes  Parties  contractantes  de- 
simnt  conclure  une  Convention  a  cet 
effet  out  nomme  pour  Leurs  plenipoten- 
tiaires,  savoir: 

Sa  Majeste  I'Empereur  d'AUemagne, 
Roi  de  Prusse :  Sou  Excellence  le  Comte 
de  Miinster,  Prince  de  Derneburg,  Sou 
Ambassadeur  a  Paris. 

Sa  Majeste  I'Empereur  d'Autriche,  Roi 
de  Boheme  etc.,  et  Roi  Ajxystolique  de 
Hongrie :  Sou  Excellence  le  Comte  R.  de 
Welsereheimb,  Son  Ambassadeur  extraor- 
dinaire et  plenii)otentiaire.  M.  Alexan- 
dre Okolicsanyi  d'Okolicsua,  Son  Envoye 
extraoi-diuaire  et  Ministre  pleuipoten- 
tiaire  a  la  Haye. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  des  Beiges :  Sou  Ex- 
cellence   M.    Auguste    Beernaert,    Son 


'•4 


His  Minister  of  State,  Presideut  of  the 
Chamber  of  Eepresentatives ;  Couut  de 
Grelle  Rogier,  His  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague  ;  the  Chevalier  Descamps,  Senator. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Denmark  :  His 
Chamberlain  Fr.  E.  de  Bille,  His  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  London. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Spain  and  in 
His  Name,  Her  Majesty  the  Qneeu  Regent 
of  the  Kingdom  :  His  Excellency  the  Duke 
of  Tetuan,  formerly  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs;  Mr.  W.  Ramirez  de  Villa  Urrutia, 
His  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Brussels  ;  Mr.  Arthur 
de  Baguer,  His  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hagxie. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America:  Mr.  Stanford  Newel,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  The  Hague. 

The  President  of  the  United  Mexican 
States :  Mr.  de  Mier,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  Paris ; 
3Ir.  Zenil,  Minister  Resident  at  Brussels. 

The  President  of  the  French  Republic : 
Mr.  Leon  Bourgeois,  former  Presideut 
of  the  Council,  foimer  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties ;  Mr.  Georges  Bihourd,  Envoy  Extra- 
ordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
The  Hague ;  the  Baron  d'Estournelles  de 
Constant,  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Mem- 
ber of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

Her  Majesty  the  Queen  of  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
Empress  of  India :  His  Excellency  the 
Right  Honorable  Baron  Pauncefote  of 
Preston,  Member  of  Her  Majesty's  Privy 
Council,  Her  Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  at  Washington;  Sir 
Henry  Howard,  Her  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  the  Hellenes : 
Mr.  N.  Delyanui,  former  President  of 
the  Council,  former  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  His  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  Paris, 


Ministre  d'Etat,  President  de  la  Chambre 
des  Representants.  M.  le  Comte  De 
Grelle  Rogier,  Son  Envoye  extraordinaire 
et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire  a  la  Haye. 
M.  le  Chevalier  Descamps,  Senateur. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Danemark :  Son 
Chambellan  Fr.  E.  de  Bille,  Son  Envoye 
extraordinaire  et  Ministre  plenipoten- 
tiaire a  Londres. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  d'Espagne  et  en  Son 
Nom,  Sa  Majeste  la  Reine-Regente  du 
Royaume  :  Son  Excellence  le  Due  de  Te- 
tuan, Aucien  Ministre  des  Affaires  Etran- 
geres.  M.  W.  Ramirez  de  Villa  Urrutia, 
Sou  Envoye  extraordinaire  et  Ministre 
plenipotentiaire  a  Bruxelles.  M.  Arthur 
de  Baguer,  Son  Envoye  extraordinaire  et 
Ministre  plenipotentiaire  k  la  Haye. 

Le  President  des  £tats-Unisd'Amerique: 
M.  Stanford  Newel,  Envoye  extraordinaire 
et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire  a  la  Haye. 

Le  Presideut  des  £tats-Unis  Mexicains : 
31.  de  Mier,  Envoye  extraordinaire  et 
Slinistre  plenipotentiaire  a  Paris.  M. 
Zenil,  Slinistre-Resident  a  Bruxelles. 

Le  President  de  la  Republique  Fran- 
faise:  M.  Leon  Bourgeois,  Ancieu  Presi- 
dent du  Conseil,  Ancien  Ministre  dea 
Affaires  fitrangeres,  Membre  de  la  Cham- 
bre des  Deputes.  31.  Georges  Bihoui'd, 
Envoye  extraoi-dinaire  et  3Iinistie  pleni- 
potentiaire a  la  Haye.  M.  le  Baron 
d'Estournelles  de  Constant,  Ministre  ple- 
nipotentiaire, Membre  de  la  Chambre 
des  Deputes. 

Sa  3Iajeste  la  Reine  du  Royaume-Uni 
de  la  Grande  Bretagne  et  d'Irlande,  Im- 
peratrice  des  Indes :  Son  Excellence  le 
Tres  Honorable  Baron  Pauncefote  de 
Preston,  Membre  du  Conseil  Prive  de  Sa 
Majeste,  Son  Ambassadeur  extraordinaire 
et  plenipotentiaire  a  Washington.  Sir 
Henry  Howard,  Son  Envoye  extraordi- 
naire et  31inistre  plenipotentiaire  a  la 
Haye. 

Sa  Slajeste  le  Roi  des  Hellenes :  31.  N. 
Delyanni,  Ancien  President  du  Conseil, 
Ancien  Ministre  des  Affaires  Etrangeres, 
Son  Envoye  extraordinaire  et  ilinistre 
plenipotentiaire  a  Paris. 


His  Majesty  the  Kiug  of  Italy :  His 
Excellency  Count  Nigra,  His  Ambassador 
at  Vienna,  Senator  of  the  Kingdom ; 
Count  A.  Zaunini,  His  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague  ;  Commander  Guido  Pompilj,  Dep- 
uty in  the  Italian  Parliament. 

His  Majesty  tlie  Emperor  of  Japan  : 
Mr.  I.  Motono,  His  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  Brussels. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  of 
Luxemburg,  Duke  of  Nassau :  His  Ex- 
cellency Mr.  Eyschen,  His  Minister  of 
State,  President  of  the  Grand  Ducal  Gov- 
ernment. 

His  Highness  the  Prince  of  Montene- 
gro :  His  Excellency  Mr.  de  Staal,  Privy 
Couucillor,  Ambassador  of  Russia  at  Lon- 
don. 

Her  Majesty  the  Queen  of  the  Nether- 
lands :  the  Jonkheer  A.  P.  C.  van  Karne- 
beek,  former  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
Member  of  the  Second  Chamber  of  the 
States  General ;  General  J.  C.  C.  den 
Beer  Poortugael,  former  Minister  of 
"War,  Member  of  the  Council  of  State ; 
Mr.  T.  M.  C.  Asser,  Member  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  State;  Mr.  E.  N.  Rahusen,  Mem- 
ber of  the  First  Chamber  of  the  States 
General. 

His  Imperial  Majesty  the  Shah  of  Per- 
sia :  His  Aide-de-camp  General  Mirza 
lliza  Khan,  Arfa-ud-Dovleh,  His  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  St.  Petersburg  and  at  Stockholm. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Portugal  and 
of  the  Algarves,  etc.:  Count  de  Macedo, 
Peer  of  the  Kingdom,  former  Minister  of 
Marine  and  of  the  Colonies,  His  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  Madrid ;  Mr.  d'Ornellas  et 
Vasconcellos,  Peer  of  the  Kingdom,  His 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plen- 
ipotentiary at  St.  Petersburg ;  Count  de 
Selir,  His  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Roumauia: 
Mr.  Alexander  Beldiman,  His  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  Berlin ;   Mr.  Jean  N.  Papiniu, 


Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  d'ltalie:  Son  Excel- 
lence le  Comte  Nigra,  Son  Ambassadeur 
k  Vienne,  Senateur  du  Royaume.  M.  le 
Comte  A.  Zannini,  Son  Envoye  exti-aor- 
dinaire  et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire  h  la 
Haye.  M.  le  Comniandeur  Guido  Pom- 
pilj, D6pute  au  Parlemeut  Italien. 

Sa  Majeste  I'Empereur  du  Japon  :  M.  I. 
Motono,  Son  Envoye  extraordinaire  et 
Ministre  plenipotentiaire  k  Bruxelles. 

Son  Altesse  Royale  le  Grand  Due  de 
Luxembourg,  Due  de  Nassau  :  Son  Ex- 
cellence M.  Eyschen,  Son  Ministre  d'l  tat, 
Pr^sideTitdu  Gouvernemeut  Grand-Ducal. 

Son  Altesse  le  Prince  de  Montenegro : 
Son  Excellence  M.  le  Conseiller  Prive 
Actuel  de  Staal,  Ambassadeur  de  Russie 
a  Londres. 

Sa  Majeste  la  Reine  des  Pays-Bas :  M. 
le  Jonkheer  A.  P.  C.  van  Karnebeek, 
Ancieu  Ministre  des  Affaires  Ktrangeres, 
Membre  de  la  Seconde  Chambre  des  Ktats- 
Generaux.  M.  le  General  J.  C.  C.  den 
Beer  Poortugael,  Aucien  Ministre  de  la 
Guerre,  Membre  du  Conseil  d'J^tat. 
M.  T.  M.  C.  Asser,  Membre  du  Conseil 
d'£tat.  M.  E.  N.  RahHsen,  Membre  de 
la  Premiere  Chambre  des  ^fitats-GSn^raux. 

Sa  Majeste  Imperiale  le  Schah  de  Perse : 
Son  Aide  de  Camp  General  Mirza  Riza 
Khan,  Arfa-ud-Dovleh,  Son  Envoye  ex- 
traordinaire et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire 
a  St.  Petersbourg  et  ji  Stockholm. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Portugal  et  des 
Algarves,  etc.:  M.  le  Comte  de  Macedo, 
Pair  du  Royaume,  Ancien  Ministre  de  la 
Marine  et  des  Colonies,  Son  Envoye  ex- 
traordinaire et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire 
a  Madrid.  M.  d'Ornellas  et  A'asconcellos, 
Pair  du  Royaume,  Son  Envoye  extraor- 
dinaire et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire  c\ 
St.  Petersbourg.  M.  le  Comte  de  Selir, 
Son  Envoy6  extraordinaire  et  Ministre 
plenipotentiaire  k  la  Haye. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Roumanie:  M. 
Alexandre  Beldiman,  Son  Envoye  ex- 
traordiniire  et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire 
i   Berlin.      M.  Jean    N.    Papiniu,  Son 


6 


His  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hagne. 

His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  all  the 
Riissias:  His  Excellency  Mr.  de  Staal, 
Privy  Councillor,  His  Ambassador  at 
London ;  Mr.  de  Martens,  Peitnanent 
Member  of  the  Council  of  the  Imperial 
Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs,  His  Privy 
Councillor ;  Mr.  de  Easily,  His  Councillor 
of  State,  Chamberlain,  Director  of  the 
First  Department  of  the  Imperial  Minis- 
try for  Foreign  Affairs. 

His  3Iajesty  the  King  of  Sei"\ia :  Mr. 
Miyatovitch,  His  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  London 
and  at  The  Hague. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Siam :  M. 
Phya  Suriya  Nuvatr,  His  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
St.  Petersburg  ajid  at  Paris ;  31.  Phya 
Visuddha  Suriyasakti,  His  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  The  Hague  and  at  London. 

His  Majesty  the  King  of  Sweden  and 
Norway  :  the  Baron  de  Bildt,  His  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  Rome. 

His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  the  Otto- 
mans: His  Excellency  Turkhan  Pasha, 
former  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
Member  of  His  Council  of  State;  Noury 
Bey,  Secretary-General  in  the  Ministry 
of  Foreign  Affairs. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Bul- 
garia: Dr.  Dimitri  Standoff,  Diplomatic 
Agent  at  St.  Petersburg;  Major  Christo 
Hessaptchieff,  31ilitary  Attache  at  Bel- 
grade. 

Who,  after  communication  of  their  full 
powers,  found  in  good  and  due  form, 
have  agreed  on  the  following : — 

Article  I. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  shall 
issue  instructions  to  their  armed  land 
forces,  which  shall  be  in  conformity  with 
the  "  Regulations  respecting  the  Laws 
and  Customs  of  War  on  Land  "  annexed 
to  the  present  Convention. 


Envoye  extraordinaire  et  Ministre  pleni- 
potentiaire  a  la  Haye. 

Sa  Majeste  TEmpereur  de  Toutes  les 
Russies :  Son  Excellence  M.  le  Conseiller 
Prive  Actuel  de  Staal,  Son  Ambassadeur 
a  Londres.  M.  de  Martens,  Slembre  Per- 
manent du  Conseil  du  Ministere  Imperial 
des  Affaires  Etrangeres,  Son  Conseiller 
Prive.  Son  Conseiller  d'l^tat  Actuel  de 
Ba.sily,  Chambellan,  Directeur  du  Pre- 
mier Departement  du  Ministere  Imperial 
des  Affaires  l^trangei'es. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Serbie  :  M.  Miya- 
tovitch, Son  Envoye  extraoi^dinaire  et 
Ministre  plenipotentiaire  a  Londres  et  a 
la  Haye. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Siam :  M.  Phya 
Suriya  Nuvatr,  Son  Envoye  extraordinaire 
et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire  a  St.  Peters- 
bourg  et  a  Paris.  M.  Phya  Visuddha 
Suriyasakti,  Son  Envoye  extraordinaire 
et  Ministre  plenipotentiaire  a  la  Haye  et 
a.  Londres. 

Sa  Majeste  le  Roi  de  Suede  et  de  Nor- 
vege :  31.  le  Baron  de  Bildt,  Son  Envoy6 
extraordinaire  et  3Iinistre  plenipoten- 
tiaire a  Rome. 

Sa  3Iaje8te  I'Empereur  des  Ottomans : 
Son  Excellence  Turkhan-Pacha,  Ancien 
3Iinistre  des  Affaires  l^trangeres,  3Iem- 
bre  de  Son  Conseil  d'j(5tat.  Noury  Bey, 
Secretaire -General  au  3Iinistt!re  des 
Affaires  l^^trangeres. 

Son  Altesse  Royale  le  Prince  de  Bul- 
garie:  31.  le  Dr.  Dimitri  Stancioff,  Agent 
Diplomatique  a  St.  Petersbourg.  31.  le 
3Iajor  Christo  Hessaptchieff,  Attache 
3Iilitaire  a  Belgrade. 

Lesqnels,  apres  s'Otre  communique 
leurs  pleins  pouvoirs,  trouves  en  bonne 
et  due  forme,  sont  couvenus  de  ce  qui 
suit: 

Article  1. 

Les  Hautes  Parties  coutractantes  don- 
neroiit  a  leurs  forces  armees  de  terre  des 
instructions  qui  seront  conformes  au 
Regletvent  concernant  les  lois  et  coutumes  de 
la  guerre  sur  terre,  annexe  a  la  presente 
Convention. 


Article  II. 


Article  2. 


The  provisions  coutHined  in  the  Regu- 
lations mentioned  in  Article  1  are  only 
hiuding  on  the  Contracting  Powers,  in 
case  of  war  between  two  or  more  of  them. 

These  provisions  shall  cease  to  be  bind- 
ing from  the  time  when,  in  a  war  between 
Contracting  Powers,  a  non-Contracting 
Power  joins  one  of  the  belligerents. 

Article  III. 

The  present  Convention  shall  be  mti- 
fied  as  speedily  as  possible. 

The  ratifications  shall  be  deposited  at 
the  Hague. 

A  procis-cerhal  shall  be  drawn  up  re- 
cording the  receipt  of  each  ratification, 
and  a  copy,  duly  certified,  shall  be  sent 
through  the  diplomatic  channel,  to  all 
the  Contracting  Powers. 

Article  IV. 

Non-Signatory  Powers  are  allowed  to 
adhere  to  the  present  Convention. 

For  this  purpose  they  must  make  their 
adhesion  known  to  the  Contracting  Pow- 
ers by  means  of  a  written  notification, 
addressed  to  the  Netherland  Government, 
and  by  it  communicated  to  all  the  other 
Contracting  Powers. 

Article  V. 
In  the  event  of  one  of  the  High  Con- 
tracting Parties  deuouncing  the  present 
Convention,  such  denunciation  would  not 
take  effect  until  a  year  after  the  written 
notification  made  to  the  Netherland  Gov- 
ernment, and  by  it  at  once  communicated 
to  all  the  other  Contracting  Powers. 

This  denunciation  shall  affect  only  the 
notifying  Power. 

In  faith  of  which  the  Plenipotentiaries 
have  signed  the  present  Convention  and 
affixed  their  seals  thereto. 

Done  at  the  Hague  the  29th  July,  1899, 
in  a  single  cojjy,  which  shall  be  kept  in 


Les  dispositions  contcnues  dans  lo 
Reglement  vis6  a  Tarticle  i)remier  ne 
sont  obligatoires  que  pour  les  Puissances 
contractantes,  en  cas  de  guerre  entre 
deux  on  plusieurs  d'entre  elles. 

Ces  dispositions  cesseront  d'Ctre  obliga- 
toires du  moment  od,  dans  une  guerre 
entre  des  Puissances  contractantes,  une 
Puissance  non  coutractante  se  joindrait  a 
I'un  des  belligerants. 

Article  3. 

La  presente  Convention  sera  ratifi^e 
dans  le  plus  bref  delai  possible. 

Les  ratifications  seront  d^posees  a  la 
Haye. 

II  sera  dresse  du  dep«it  do  chaque  rati- 
fication un  ijroces-verbal,  dont  une  copie, 
certifiee  conforme,  sera  remise  par  la  voie 
diplomatique  ii  toutes  les  Puissances  con- 
tractantes. 

Article  4. 

Les  Puissances  non  signataires  sont 
admises  a  adherer  a  la  presente  Con- 
vention. 

Elles  auront,  k.  cet  effet,  a,  faire  con- 
naitre  leur  adhesion  aux  Puissances  con- 
tractantes, au  moyen  irunc  notification 
ecrite,  adresse  au  Gouvernement  des 
Pays-Bas  et  communiquee  par  celui-ci  a 
toutes  les  autres  Puissances  contractantes. 

Article  5. 

S'il  arrivait  qu'une  des  Hautes  Parties 
contractantes  denonynt  la  presente  Con- 
vention, cette  denonciation  ne  produirait 
ses  effets  qu'un  an  apies  la  notification 
faite  par  ecrit  au  Gouvernement  de* 
Pays-Bas  et  commuuiquee  immediate- 
meut  par  celui-ci  a  toutes  les  autres 
Puissances^  contractantes. 

Cette  denonciation  ne  produira  ses  effets 
qu'a  Ttgard  de  la  Puissance  qui  I'aura 
notifiee. 

En  foi  de  quoi,  les  pleniiwtentiaires 
out  sigue  la  presente  Convention  et  Pout 
revetue  de  leurs  cachets. 

Fait  a  la  Haye,  le  vingt  neuf  juillet 
mil  huit  cent  quatre-vingt  dix-ueuf,  eu 


8 


the  archives  of  the  Netherlaud  Govern- 
ment, and  copies  of  which,  duly  certified, 
shall  be  delivered  to  the  Contracting 
Powers  through  the  diplomatic  channel. 


For  Germany : 
(Signed)  Minster  Derneburg. 

For  Austria-Hungary : 
(Signed)  Welsersheimb. 
(Signed)  Okoliosanyi. 

For  Belgium : 
(Signed)  A.  Beernaeet. 
(Signed)  Cte.  ue  Grelle  Rogier. 
(Signed)  Chr.  Descamps. 

For  Denmark : 
(Signed)  F.  Bille. 

For  Spain : 
(Signed)  Et  DrQVE  de  Tetuan. 
(Signed)  W.  R.  de  Villa  Urrutia. 
(Signed)  Arturo  de  Bagver. 

For  the  United  States  of  America : 
(Signed)  Stanford  Newel. 

For  the  United  Mexican  States : 
(Signed)  M.  de  Mier. 
(Signed)  J.  Zenil. 

For  France : 
(Signed)  Leon  Bovrgeois. 
(Signed)  G.  Bihovud. 
(Signed)  d'Estovrnelles  de  Constant. 

For  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : 
(Signed)  Pauncefote. 
(Signed)  Henry  Howard. 

For  Greece : 
(Signed)  N.  Delyanni. 

For  Italy : 
(Signed)  Nigra. 
(Signed)  A.  Zannini. 
(Signed)  G.  Pompilj. 

For  Japan : 
(Signed)  I.  Motono. 

For  Luxemburg : 
(Signed)  Evschen. 

For  Montenegro : 
(Signed)  Staal. 

For  the  Netherlands : 
(Signed)  v,  Karnebeek. 
(Signed)  den  Beer  Poorti'gael. 
(Signed)  T.  M.  C.  Asser. 
(Signed)  E.  N.  Rahusen. 


un  seul  exemplaire  qui  restera  depose 
dans  les  archives  du  Gouvernement  des 
Pays-Bas  et  dont  des  copies,  certifiees 
conformes,  serout  remises  par  la  voie 
diplomatique  aux  Puissances  contrac- 
tantes. 

Pour  rAllemagne : 
(l.  8.)  Minster  Dernebvrg. 

Pour  I'Autriche-Hongrie : 
(l.  s.)  Welsersheimb. 
(l.  s.)  Okolicsanyi. 

Pour  la  Belgique : 
(l.  s.)  a.  Beernaert. 
(l.  s.)  Cte.  de  Grelle  Rogieb. 
(l.  s.)  Chr.  Descamps. 

Pour  le  Danemark : 
(l.  s.)  F.  Bille. 

Pour  TEspagne: 
(l.  s.)  El  DrQVE  De  Tetuan. 
(l.  s.)  W.  R.  De  Villa  Urrvtia. 
(l.  s.)  Artvro  de  Baguer. 

Pour  les  Etats-Unis  d'Amerique : 
(l.  s.)  Stanford  Newel. 

Pour  les  Etats-Unis  Mexicains : 
(l,  s.)  M.  de  Mier. 
(l.  8.)  J.  Zenil. 

Pour  la  France : 
(l.  s.)  Leon  Bovrgeois. 
(l.  s.)  G.  Bihourd. 
(l.  8.)  D'Estovrnelles  de  Constant. 

Pour  la  Grande  Bretagne  et  I'liiande: 
(l.  s.)  Pavncefote. 
(l.  8.)  Henry  Howard. 

Pour  la  Grece : 
(l.  s.)  N.  Delyanni. 

Pour  1 'Italic: 
(l.  s.)  Nigra, 
(l.  8.)  \.  Zannini. 
(l.  8.)  G.  Pompilj. 

Pour  le  Japon  : 
(l.  s.)  I.  Motono. 

Pour  le  Luxembourg : 
(l.  s.)  Eyschen. 

Pour  le  Montenegro : 
(l.  s.)  Staal. 

Pour  les  Pays-Bas : 
(l.  8.)  v.  Karnebeek. 
(l.  s.)  den  Beer  Poortvgael. 
(l.  s.)  T.  M.  C.  Asser. 
(l.  s.)  E.  N.  Rahvsen. 


For  Persia : 
(Signed)  3Iirza    Riza    Kuan,    Arfa-ud- 
Dovleli. 

For  Port n  gal : 
(Signed)  Conde  de  3Iacepo. 
(Signed)  Agostinho  d'Ouxeli.as  de  Vas- 

CONCELLOS. 

(Signed)  Conde  de  Selir. 

For  Koumania; 
(Signed)  A.  Bei-dimax. 
(Signed)  J.  N.  Papixut. 

For  Russia : 
(Signed)  Staal. 
(Signed)  Martexs. 
(Signed)  A.  Basilv. 

For  Servia : 
(Signed)  Chedo  Mivatovitch. 

For  Siam : 
(Signed)  Phva  Sukia  Nuvatk. 
(Signed)  Visuddha. 

For  the  United  Kingdoms   of  Sweileu 
and  Norway : 
(Signed)  Bildt. 

For  Turkey: 
(Signed)  Turkhax. 
(Signed)  Meiiemed  Noury. 

For  Bulgaria : 
(Signed)  D.  Staxcioff. 
(Signed)  Major  Hessaptchieff. 


[Translation.] 
ANSEX  TO  THE  CONVEyTIOX. 


Ponr  la  Perse: 
(l.  s.)  3IIRZA     HizA     Khan,     Arva-ud- 
Dovleb. 
Pour  le  Portugal : 

(t.  S.)    COXDE  DE  aiACEUO. 

(n.  s.)  Agostixho  d'Orxellas   de  Vas- 

C0XCELL08, 

(l.  8.)  Conde  deSelir. 

Pour  la  Uounianie: 
(l.  8.)  A.  Beldimax. 
(l.  s.)  J.  N.  Papcxiu. 

Pour  la  Kussie : 
(l.  8.)  Staal, 
(l.  8.)  BIartexs. 
(l.  s.)  A.  Easily. 

Pour  la  Serbie: 

(r.  S.)    CllEDO  JMlYATOVlTCH. 

Pour  le  Siam  : 
(i,.  s.)  Phva  Suria  Nuvatr. 

(L.  8.)    VrSUDDHA. 

Pour  les  Koyaumes  Uuis  de  Su^de  et 
de  Norvege : 
(l.  s.)  Bildt. 
Pour  la  Turquie: 

(L.  8.)    TCRKIIAX. 

(l.  8,)  I^Iehemed  Noury. 

Pour  la  Bulgarie ; 
(l.  s.)  D.  Staxcioff. 
(l.  s.)  3Iajor  Hessaptchieff. 
Certifie  pour  copie  conforine, 

Le   Secritaire   (icuiral  (Jn   Dcparte- 
nteut  den  Affaires  Etr<ingeres, 

L.  II.    Rb'VSSEXAERZ. 

La   Uaye,  le  31jain-ier  1900. 
ANNEXE. 


KEGULATIOXS    RESPECTIXG   THE   LAWS    AND      RtOLEMEXT      COXCERNAXT       LES      LOIS      KT 
CUSTOMS   OF    WAR    OX    LAXD.  COl'TPMES    DE    LA    GUERRE   Sl'R   TERRE. 


SECTION  I.— On  Belligerexts. 

Chapter  1. — On  the  QuaUjicutioiis  of  Bel- 
ligerents. 

Article  I. 
The  laws,  rights,  and  duties  of  war  ap- 
ply not  only  to  armies,  but  also  to  militia 
and  volunteer  corps,  fulfilling  the  follow- 
ing conditions: 

1.  To  be  commanded  by  a  person  re- 
sponsible for  his  subordinates; 


SECTION    I.— DeS   BELLIGfRAXTS, 

Chapitre  I. — be  la  qiuiUle  de  helliyerant. 

Article  1. 

Les  lois,  les  droits  et  les  devoirs  de  la 
guerre  ne  s'appliquent  pas  seulement  a 
Tarmee,  mais  encore  au.v  milices  et  aux 
coi-ps  de  volontaires  reunissaut  les  condi- 
tions suivantes: 

1.  d'avoir  a  leur  tete  une  personne  re- 
sponsable  pour  ses  subordonnes; 


10 


2.  To  have  a  fixed  distinctive  emblem 
recognizable  at  a  distance; 

3.  To  cany  arms  openly;  and 

4.  To  conduct  their  operations  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  laws  and  customs  of 
war. 

In  countries  where  militia  or  volunteer 
corps  constitute  the  army,  or  form  part  of 
it,  they  are  included  under  the  denomina- 
tion "army." 

Article  II. 

The  population  of  a  territory  which  has 
not  been  occupied  who,  on  the  enemy's 
approach,  spontaneously  take  up  arms  to 
resist  the  invading  troops,  without  having 
time  to  organize  themselves  in  accordance 
with  Article  I,  shall  be  regarded  a  bellig- 
erent, if  they  i-espect  the  laws  and  cus- 
toms of  war. 


2.  d'avoir  un  signe  distinctif  fixe  et 
recounaissable  k  distance; 

3.  de  porter  les  amies  ouvertement  et 

4.  de  se  conformer  dans  leurs  opera- 
tions aux  lois  et  couturaes  de  la  guerre. 

Dans  les  pays  ou  les  milices  ou  des 
corps  de  volontaires  constituent  I'armee 
ou  en  font  partie,  ils  sont  compris  sous  la 
denomination  cCarmCe. 

Article  2. 

La  population  d'un  territoire  non  oc- 
cupe  qui,  a  I'approche  del'ennemi,  prend 
spontanement  les  amies  pour  combattre 
les  troupes  d'invasion  sans  avoir  eu  le 
temps  de  s'organiser  conformement  h. 
I'article  premier,  sera  consideree  comme 
belligerante  si  elle  respecte  les  lois  et 
coutumes  de  la  guerre. 


Article  III. 


Article 


The  armed  forces  of  the  belligerent  par-  Les  forces  armees  des  parties  bellige- 
ties  may  consist  of  combatants  and  non-  rantes  peuvent  se  composer  de  combat- 
combatants.  In  case  Of  capture  by  the  tants  et  de  non-conibattants.  En  cas  de 
enemy  both  have  a  right  to  be  treated  as  capture  par  rennemi,  les  uns  et  les  autres 
prisoners  of  war.  ont  droit  au  traitemeut  des  prisonniers 

de  guerre. 


Ch. 


M.—On  Prisotiers  of  War.  Chapitre  II.— Des  imsonniers  de  gnerre. 


Article  IV. 


Prisoners  of  war  are  in  the  power  of  the 
hostile  Government,  but  not  in  that  of 
the  indiviiluals  or  corps  who  captured 
them. 

They  must  be  humanely  treated. 

All  their  personal  belongings,  except 
arms,  horses,  and  military  papers  re- 
main their  property. 


Article  4. 

Les  prisonniers  de  guerre  sont  au  pou- 
voir  du  Gouvernemeut  ennemi,  mais  non 
des  individus  ou  des  corps  qui  les  ont 
captures. 

lis  doivent  etre  traites  avec  humanite. 

Tout  ce  qui  leur  appartient  personnel- 
lenient,  excepte  les  amies,  les  chevaux  et 
les  papiers  militaires,  reste  leur  propriete. 


Article  V. 
Prisoners  of  war  may  be  interned  in  a 


Article  5. 


Les  prisonniers  de  guerre  peuvent  etre 
town,  fortress,  camp,  or  any  other  local-  assujettis  a  Tinternement  dans  une  ville, 
ity,  and  bound  not  to  go  beyond  certain  forteresse,  camp  ou  localite  quelconque, 
fixed  limits  ;  but  they  can  only  be  confined  avec  obligation  de  ne  pas  s'en  eloigner  au 
as  an  indispensable  measure  of  safety.  dela  de  certaines    limites  determinees  ; 

mais  ils  ne  peuvent  etre  enfermes  que  par 
mesure  de  sfirete  indispensable. 


11 


Article  VI. 

The  State  may  utilize  the  labor  of  pris- 
oners of  war  according  to  their  rank  and 
aptitude.  Their  tasks  shall  not  be  ex- 
cessive, and  shall  have  nothing  to  do  with 
the  militn^y  operations; 

Prisoners  may  be  authorized  to  work 
for  the  Public  Service,  for  private  persons, 
or  on  their  own  account. 

Work  done  for  the  State  shall  be  paid 
for  according  to  the  tariffs  in  force  for 
soldiers  of  the  national  army  emploj'ed 
on  similar  tasks. 

When  the  work  is  for  other  branches 
of  the  Public  Service  or  for  private  per- 
sons, the  conditions  shall  be  settled  in 
agreement  with  the  military  authorities. 

The  wages  of  the  prisoners  shall  go 
towards  improving  their  position,  and  the 
balance  shall  be  paid  them  at  the  time  of 
their  release,  after  deducting  the  cost  of 
their  maintenance. 


Article  6. 

L'Etat  pent  employer,  comnie  travail- 
leurs,  lea  prisonniers  de  guerre,  selon 
leur  grade  et  leurs  aptitudes.  Ces  tra- 
vaux  ne  seront  pjis  oxcessifs  et  n'auront 
aucun  rapport  avec  les  operations  de  la 
guerre. 

T^s  prisonniers  peuvent  etre  autorises 
a  travailler  pour  le  compte  d'administra- 
tions  publiques  ou  de  particuliers,  ou  pour 
lour  propre  compte. 

Les  travaux  faits  pour  I'Etat  sont 
payes  d'apres  les  tarifs  en  vigueur  pour  les 
militiiiresde  Tarmee  natiouale  executant 
les  monies  tmvaux. 

Lorsque  les  travaux  ont  lieu  poTir  le 
compte  d'autres  administrations  publiques 
ou  pour  des  particuliers,  les  conditions  en 
sont  regleesd 'accord  avec  rantorite  mili- 
taire. 

Le  salaire  des  prisonniers  contribuera 
a  adoucir  leur  position,  et  le  surplus  leur 
sera  compte  an  moment  de  leur  liberation, 
sauf  defalcation  des  frais  d'entretien. 


Article  VII. 

The  Government  into  whose  hands 
prisoners  of  war  have  fallen  is  bdund  to 
maintain  them. 

Failing  a  special  agreement  between 
the  belligerents,  prisoners  of  war  shall  be 
treated  as  regards  food,  quarters,  and 
clothing,  on  the  same  footing  as  the 
troops  of  the  Government  which  has  cap- 
tured them. 

Artioce  VIII. 


Article  7. 

Le  Gouvernement  an  pouvoir  duquel 
se  trouvent  les  prisonniers  de  guerre  est 
charge  de  leur  entretien. 

A  defaut  d'une  entente  speciale  entre 
les  belligerants,  les  prisonniers  de  guerre 
seront  traites,  pour  la  nourriture,  le 
couchage  et  I'habillement,  sur  le  mome 
pied  que  les  troupes  du  Gouvernement 
qui  les  aura  captures. 

Article  8. 


Prisoners  of  war  shall  be  subject  to  the 
laws,  regulations,  and  orders  in  force  in 
the  army  of  the  State  into  whose  hands 
they  have  fallen.  Any  act  of  insubord- 
ination warrants  the  adoption,  as  regards 
them,  of  such  measures  of  severity  as 
may  be  necessary. 

Escaped  prisoners,  recaptured  before 
they  have  succeeded  in  rejoining  their 
army,  or  before  quitting  the  territory 
occupied  by  the  army  that  capturetl  them, 
are  liable  to  disciplinary  punishment. 


Les  prisonniers  de  guerre  seront  sonmis 
au.x  lois,  reglements,  et  ordres  en  vigueur 
dans  Tarmee  de  I'Etat  an  pouvoir  duquel 
ils  se  trouvent.  Tout  acte  d'insubordina- 
tion  autorise,  a  leur  egard,  les  mesures 
de  rigueur  necessaires. 

Les  prisonniers  evades,  qui  seraient 
repris  avant  d'avoir  pu  rejoindre  leur 
armee  ou  avant  de  quitter  le  territoire 
occupe  par  Tarmee  qui  les  aura  captures, 
sont  passibles  de  pefnes  disciplinaires. 


13 


Prisoners  who,  after  succeeding  in  es-  Les  prisonniers  qui,  apres  avoir  reussi 
caping  are  again  taken  prisoners,  are  not  a  s'evader,  sont  de  nouveau  faits  prison- 
liable  to  any  punishment  for  the  previous  niers,  ne  sont  passibles  d'aucuue  peine 
flight.  pour  la  fuite  anterieure. 


Article  IX. 

Every  prisoner  of  war,  if  questioned,  is 
bound  to  declare  his  true  name  and  rank, 
and  if  he  disregards  this  rule,  he  is  liable 
to  a  curtailment  of  the  advantages  ac- 
corded to  the  prisoners  of  war  of  his  class. 


Article  X. 

Prisoners  of  war  may  be  set  at  liberty 
on  parole  if  the  laws  of  their  country 
authorize  it,  and,  in  such  a  case,  they  are 
hound,  on  their  personal  honour,  scrupu- 
lously to  fulfill,  both  as  regards  their 
own  Government  and  the  Government  by 
"Whom  they  were  made  prisoners,  the 
engagements  they  have  contracted. 

In  such  cases,  their  own  Government 
shall  not  require  of  nor  accept  from  them 
any  service  incompatible  with  the  parole 
given. 

Article  XI. 

A  prisoner  of  war  can  not  be  forced  to 
accept  his  liberty  on  parole;  similarly  the 
hostile  Government  is  not  obliged  to  as- 
sent to  the  prisoner's  request  to  be  set  at 
liberty  on  parole. 

Article  XII. 

.\ny  prisoner  of  war,  who  is  liberated 
on  parole  and  recaptured,  bearing  arms 
against  the  Government  to  whom  he  had 
pledged  his  honor,  or  against  the  allies  of 
that  Government,  forfeits  his  right  to  be 
treated  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  can  be 
brought  before  the  Courts. 

Article  XIII. 

Individuals  who  follow  an  army  with- 
out directly  belonging  to  it,  such  as  news- 
paper correspondents  and  reporters,  sut- 
lers, contractors,  who  fall  into  the  enemy's 
hands,  and  whom  the  latter  think  fit  to 
detain,  have  a  right  to  be  treated  as  pris- 


Article  9. 

Chaque  prisonnier  de  guerre  est  tenu 
de  declarer,  s'il  est  interroge  h  ce  sujet, 
ses  veritables  noms  et  grade  et,  dans  le 
cas  oa  il  enfreindrait  cette  regie,  11  s'ex- 
poserait  a  une  restriction  des  avantages 
accordes  aux  prisonniers  de  guerre  de  sa 
categorle. 

Article  10. 

Les  prisonniers  de  guerre  peuvent  etre 
mis  en  liberte  sur  parole,  si  les  lois  de 
leur  pays  les  y  autorisent,  et,  en  pareil 
cas,  ils  sont  obliges,  sous  la  garantie  de 
leur  honneur  personnel,  de  remplir 
scrupuleusement,  tant  vis-k-vis  de  leur 
propre  Gouvernement  que  vis-a-vis  de 
celui  qui  les  a  faits  prisonniers,  les  en- 
gagements qu'ils  auraient  contractes. 

Dans  le  meme  cas,  leur  propre  Gou- 
vernement est  tenu  de  n'exiger  ni  accepter 
d'eux  aucun  service  coutraire  a  la  parole 
don  nee. 

Article  11. 

Un  prisonnier  de  guerre  ne  pent  etre 
contraint  d'accepter  sa  liberte  sur  parole; 
de  meme  le  Gouvernement  ennemi  n'est 
pas  oblige  d'acceder  h  la  demande  du 
prisonnier  reclamant  sa  mise  en  liberte 
sur  parole. 

Article  12. 

Tout  prisonnier  de  guerre,  libere  sur 
parole  et  repris  portant  les  armes  contre 
le  Gouvernement  envers  lequel  il  s'etait 
engage  d'honneur,  ou  contre  les  allies  de 
celui-ci,  1)0 rd  le  droit  au  traitemeut  des 
prisonniers  de  guerre  et  pent  etre  traduit 
devant  les  tribunaux. 

Article  13. 

Les  individus  qui  suivent  une  armee 
sans  en  faire  directement  partie,  tels  que 
les  correspondants  et  les  reporters  de  jour- 
naux,  les  vivaudiers,  les  fournisseurs,  qui 
tombent  au  pouvoir  de  I'ennemi  et  que 
celui-ci  juge  utile  de  detenir,  ont  droit  au 


13 


oners  of  war,  provided  they  can  produce 
a  certificate  from  the  military  authorities 
of  the  army  they  were  accompanying. 

Article  XIV. 

A  Bureau  for  information  relative  to 
prisoners  of  war  is  instituted,  on  the 
commencement  of  hostilities,  in  each  of 
the  belligerent  States,  and,  when  neces- 
sary, in  the  neutral  countries  on  whose 
territory  belligerents  have  been  received. 
This  Bureau  is  intended  to  answer  all 
inquiries  about  prisoners  of  war,  and  is 
furnished  by  the  various  services  con- 
cerned with  all  the  necessary  informa- 
tion to  enable  it  to  keep  an  individual 
return  for  each  prisoner  of  war.  It  is 
kept  informed  of  internments  and 
changes,  as  well  as  of  admissions  into 
hospital  and  deaths. 

It  is  also  the  duty  of  the  Information 
Bureau  to  receive  and  collect  all  objects 
of  personal  use,  valuables,  letters,  &c., 
found  on  the  battlefields  or  left  by  prison- 
ers who  have  died  in  hospital  or  ambu- 
lance, and  to  transmit  them  to  those 
interested. 


traitement  des  prisonniers  de  guen-e,  k 
condition  qu'ils  soient  munis  d'une  legiti- 
mation de  I'autorite  militaire  de  Tarm^e 
qu'ils  accompagnaient. 

Article  14. 

II  est  constitue,  des  le  debut  des  hos- 
tilites,  dans  chacun  des  Etats  belligg- 
rants  et,  le  cas  echeant,  dans  les  pays 
neutres  qui  auront  recueilli  des  bellige- 
rants  sur  leur  territoire,  un  Bureau  de 
renseignements  sur  les  prisonniers  de 
guerre.  Ce  bureau,  charge  de  repondre 
k  toutes  les  demandes  qui  les  concement, 
refoit  des  divers  services  compe tents 
toutes  les  indications  necessaires  pour  lui 
permettre  d'etablir  une  fiche  individuelle 
pour  chaque  prisonnier  de  guerre,  II 
est  tenu  au  courant  des  internements  et 
des  mutations,  ainsi  que  des  entrees  dans 
les  hOpitaux  et  des  deces. 

Le  Bureau  de  renseignements  est  egale- 
ment  charge  de  recueillir  et  de  centraliser 
tons  les  objets  d'un  usage  personnel, 
valeurs,  lettres,  etc.,  qui  seront  trouves 
sur  les  champs  de  bataille  ou  delaisses 
par  des  prisonniers  deced6s  dans  les 
hopitaux  et  ambulances,  et  de  les  trans- 
mettre  aux  interesses. 


Article  XV. 

Belief  Societies  for  prisoners  of  war, 
which  are  regularly  constituted  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  law  of  the  country 
with  the  object  of  serving  as  the  inter- 
mediary for  chanty,  shall  receive  from 
the  belligerents  for  themselves  and  their 
duly  accredited  agents  every  facility, 
within  the  bounds  of  military  require- 
ments and  Administrative  Eegulations, 
for  the  effective  accomplishment  of  their 
humane  task.  Delegates  of  these  Socie- 
ties may  be  admitted  to  the  places  of  in- 
ternment for  the  distribution  of  relief,  as 
also  to  the  halting  places  of  repatriated 
prisoners,  if  furnished  with  a  personal 
permit  by  the  military  authorities,  and 
on  giving  an  engagement  in  writing  to 
comply  with  all  their  Regulations  for 
order  and  police. 


Article  15. 

Les  societes  de  secours  pour  les  prison- 
niers de  guerre,  r^gulierement  consti- 
tuees  selon  la  loi  de  leur  pays  et  ayant 
pour  objet  d'etre  les  intermediaires  de 
Taction  charitable,  recevront,  de  la  part 
des  belligerents,  pour  elles  et  pour  leurs 
agents  dument  accredites,  toute  facilite, 
dans  les  limites  tracees  par  les  necessites 
militaires  et  les  regies  administi-atives, 
pour  accomplir  efficacement  leur  tache 
d'humanite.  Les  delegues  de  ces  socie- 
tes pourront  etre  admis  k  distribuer  des 
secours  dans  les  depots  d'internement, 
ainsi  qu'aux  lieux  d'etape  des  prison- 
niers rapatri^s,  moyennant  une  permis- 
sion personnelle  delivree  par  I'autoritS 
militaire,  et  en  prenant  1 'engagement 
par  ecrit  de  se  soumettre  k  toutes  les 
mesures  d'oi-dre  et  de  police  que  celle-ci 
prescrirait. 


14 


Article  XVI. 

The  Information  Bureau  shall  have  the 
privilege  of  free  postage.  Letters,  money 
orders,  and  valuables,  as  well  as  postal 
parcels  destined  for  the  prisoners  of  war 
or  dispatched  by  them,  shall  be  free  of 
all  postal  duties  both  in  the  countries 
of  origin  and  destination,  as  well  as  in 
those  they  pass  through. 

Gifts  and  relief  in  kind  for  prisoners  of 
war  shall  be  admitted  free  of  all  duties  of 
entry  and  others,  as  well  as  of  payments 
for  carriage  by  the  Government  railways. 


Article  16. 

Les  Bureaux  de .  renseignements  jouis- 
sent  de  la  franchise  de  port.  Les  lettres, 
mandats  et  articles  d'argent,  ainsi  que  les 
colis  postaux  destines  aux  prisonniers  de 
guerre  ou  expedies  par  eux,  seront  affran- 
chis  de  toutes  taxes  postales,  aussi  bien 
dans  les  pays  d'origine  et  de  destination 
que  dans  les  pays  intermediaires. 

Les  dons  et  secours  en  nature  destines 
aux  prisonniers  de  guerre  seront  admis 
en  franchise  de  tons  droits  d'entree  et 
autres,  ainsi  que  des  taxes  de  transport 
sur  les  chemins  de  fer  exploites  par  I'Etat. 


Article  XVII. 


Article  17. 


Officers  taken  prisoners  may  receive,  if  Les  officiers  prisonniers  pourront  re- 
necessary,  the  full  pay  allowed  them  in  cevoir  le  complement,  s'il  y  a  lieu,  de  la 
this  position  by  their  country's  regula-  solde  qui  leur  est  attribuee  dans  cette 
tions,  the  amount  to  be  repaid  by  their  situation  par  les  reglements  de  leur 
Government.  pays,   a  charge   de   remboursement  par 

leur  Gouvernement. 


Article  XVIII. 

Prisoners  of  war  shall  enjoy  every  lati- 
tude in  the  exei-cise  of  their  religion, 
including  attendance  at  their  own  church 
services,  provided  only  they  comply  with 
the  regulations  for  order  and  police  issued 
by  the  military  authorities. 


Article  18. 

Toute  latitude  est  laissee  aux  prison- 
niers de  guerre  pour  I'exercice  de  leur 
religion,  y  compris  I'assistance  aux  offices 
de  leur  culte,  a  la  seule  condition  de  se 
confonner  aux  mesures  d'ordre  et  de 
police  piescrites  par  I'autorite  militaire. 


Article  XIX. 

The  wills  of  prisoners  of  war  are  re- 
ceived or  drawn  up  on  the  same  conditions 
as  for  soldiers  of  the  National  Army. 

The  same  rules  shall  be  observed  re- 
garding death  certificates,  as  well  as  for 
the  burial  of  prisoners  of  war,  due  regard 
being  paid  to  their  grade  and  rank. 


Article  19. 

Les  testaments  des  prisonniers  de  guerre 
sont  reyus  ou  dresses  dans  les  memes  con- 
ditions que  pour  les  militaires  de  I'armee 
nationale. 

On  suivra  egalement  les  memes  regies 
en  ce  qui  concerne  les  pieces  relatives  k 
la  constatation  des  deces,  ainsi  que  pour 
Tinhumation  des  prisonniers  de  guerre, 
en  tenant  compte  de  leur  grade  et  de  lenr 
rang. 


Article  XX. 

After  the  conclusion  of  peace,  the 
repatriation  of  prisoners  of  war  shall  take 
place  as  speedily  as  possible. 


Article  20. 

Apres  la  conclusion  de  la  paix,  le 
rapatriement  des  prisonniers  de  guerre 
s'eflectuera  dans  le  plus  bref  delai  possible. 


15 


Chapter  III. — On  the  Sick  and  Wounded.  Chapitre  III.— Des  maludex  et  des  blesses. 

Article  XXI.  Article  21. 

The  obligations  of  belligerents  with  re-  Les  obligations  des  belligerants  con- 
gard  to  the  sick  and  wounded  are  gov-  cernant  le  service  des  malades  et  des 
erned  by  the  Geneva  Convention  of  the  blesses  sont  regies  par  la  Convention  de 
22nd  August,  1864,  subject  to  any  modifi-  Geneve  du  22  aoQt  1864,  sauf  les  modifi- 
cations which  may  be  introduced  into  it.  cations  dont  celle-ci  pourra  etre  I'objet. 


SECTION  II.— On  Hostilities. 

Chapter  I. — On  means  of  injuring  the  En- 
emy, Sieges,  and  Bombardments. 

Article  XXII. 

The  right  of  belligerents  to  adopt  means 
of  injuring  the  enemy  is  not  unlimited. 


Article  XXIII. 

Besides  the  prohibitions  provided  by 
special  conventions,  it  is  especially  pro- 
hibited— 

(a.)  To  employ  poison  or  poisoned 
arms; 

(b.)  To  kill  or  wound  treacherously 
individuals  belonging  to  the  hostile  nation 
or  army; 

(c.)  To  kill  or  wound  an  enemy  who, 
having  laid  down  arms,  or  having  no 
longer  means  of  defence,  has  surrendered 
at  discretion ; 

(d.)  To  declare  that  no  quarter  will  be 
given; 

(e.)  To  employ  arms,  projectiles,  or 
material  of  a  nature  to  cause  superfluous 
injury; 

(f.)  To  make  improper  use  of  a  flag  of 
truce,  the  national  flag,  or  military  en- 
signs and  the  enemy's  uniform,  as  well  as 
the  distinctive  badges  of  the  Geneva  Con- 
vention; 

(g.)  To  destroy  or  seize  the  enemy's 
property,  unless  such  destruction  or  seiz- 
ure be  imperatively  demanded  by  the 
necessities  of  war. 

Article  XXIV. 


SECTION  II.— Des  HosTiLiTts. 

Chapitre  I. — Des  woyens  de  nuire  d  Ten- 
nemi,  des  sieges  et  des  bombardements. 

Article  22. 

Les  belligerants  n'ont  pas  un  droit 
illimite  quant  au  choix  des  moyens  de 
nuire  .a  I'ennemi. 

Article  23. 

Outre  les  prohibitions  etablies  par  des 
conventions  speciales,  il  est  notamment 
interdit : 

a.  d'employer  du  poison  ou  des  armes 
empoisonnees; 

b.  de  tuer  ou  de  blesser  par  trahison 
des  individus  apparteiiant  k  la  nation  ou 
h  I'armee  ennemie; 

c.  de  tuer  ou  de  blesser  un  ennemi  qui, 
ayant  mis  bas  les  armes  ou  n'ayant  plus 
les  moyens  de  se  defendre,  s'est  rendu  k 
discretion ; 

d.  de  declarer  qu'il  ne  sera  pas  fait  de 
quartier; 

e.  d'employer  des  armes,  des  projectiles 
ou  des  matieres  propres  k  causer  des  maux 
superflus; 

/.  d'user  ind&ment  du  pavilion  parle- 
mentaire,  du  pavilion  national  ou  des 
insignes  militaires  et  de  I'uniforme  de 
I'ennemi,  ainsi  que  des  signes  distinctifs 
de  la  Convention  de  Geneve; 

(/.  de  detruire  ou  de  saisir  des  proprie- 
tes  ennemies,  sauf  les  cas  ofi  ces  destruc- 
tions ou  ces  saisies  seraient  iniperieuse- 
ment  commandees  par  les  n^cessitfis 
de  la  guerre. 

Article  24. 


Ruses  of  war  and  the  employment  of  Les   ruses  de  guerre   et    I'emploi  des 

methods  necessary  to  obtain  infonnation  moyens  necessaires  pour  se  procurer  des 

about  the  enemy  and  the  country,  are  renseignements  sur  I'ennemi  et  sur  le 

considered  allowable.  terrain  sont  consideres  comme  licites. 


16 


Article  XXV. 


AUTICLE   25. 


The  attack  or  bombardment  of  towns,  II  est  interdit  d'attaquer  ou  de  boni- 
villages,  habitations  or  buildings  which  harder  des  villes,  villages,  habitations  ou 
are  not  defended,  is  prohibited.  batiments  qui  ne  sont  pas  defendus. 


Article  XXVI. 

The  Commander  of  an  attacking  force, 
before  commencing  a  bombardment,  ex- 
cept in  the  case  of  an  assault,  should  do 
all  he  can  to  warn  the  authorities. 


Article  26. 

Le  commandant  des  troupes  assaillantes, 
avant  d'entreprendre  le  bombardement, 
et  sauf  le  cas  d'attaquede  vive  force,  devra 
faire  tout  ce  qui  depend  de  lui  pour  en 
avertir  les  autorites. 


Article  XXVII. 

In  sieges  and  bombardments  all  neces- 
sary steps  should  be  taken  to  spare,  as  far 
as  possible,  edifices  devoted  to  religion,  art, 
science,  and  charity,  hospitals  and  places 
where  the  sick  and  wounded  are  collected, 
provided  they  are  not  used  at  the  same 
time  for  military  purposes. 


The  besieged  should  indicate  these 
buildings  or  places  by  some  particular 
and  visible  signs,  which  should  previously 
be  notified  to  the  assailants. 

Article  XXVIII. 

The  pillage  of  a  town  or  place,  even 
when  taken  by  assault,  is  prohibited. 

Chapter  II. — On  Spiea. 
Article  XXIX. 

An  individual  can  only  be  considered  a 
spy  if,  acting  clandestinely  or  on  false 
pretences,  he  obtains,  or  seeks  to  obtain, 
information  in  the  zone  of  operations  of  a 
belligerent,  with  the  intention  of  commu- 
nicating it  to  the  hostile  party. 

Thus,  soldiers  not  in  disguise  who  have 
penetrated  into  the  zone  of  operations  of 
a  hostile  army  to  obtain  information  are 
not  considered  spies.  Similarly,  the  fol- 
lowing are  not  considered  spies :  Soldiers 
or  civilians  carrying  out  their  mission 
openly,  charged  with  the  delivery  of 
despatches  destined  either  for  their  own 
army  or  for  that  of  the  enemy.     To  this 


Article  27. 

Dans  les  sieges  et  bombardements, 
toutes  les  mesures  necessaires  doivent 
etre  prises  pour  epargner,  autant  que 
possible,  les  edifices  consacres  aux  cultes, 
aux  arts,  aux  sciences  et  k  la  bienfaisance, 
les  hopitaux  et  les  lieux  de  rassemblement 
de  malades  et  de  blesses,  a  condition  qu'ils 
ne  soient  pas  employes  en  raeme  temps  a 
un  but  militaire. 

Le  devoir  des  assieges  est  de  designer 
ces  edifices  ou  lieux  de  rassemblement  par 
des  signes  visibles  speciaux  qui  seront 
notifies  d'avance  a  I'assiegeant. 

Article  28. 

11  est  interdit  de  livrer  an  pillage  meme 
une  ville  ou  localite  prise  d'assaut. 

Chapitre  II. — Des  espions. 
Article  29, 

Ne  pent  etre  considere  comme  espion 
quo  I'individu  qui,  agissant  clandestine- 
ment  ou  sous  de  faux  pretextes,  recueille 
ou  cherche  a  recueillir  des  informations 
dans  la  zone  d'operations  d'un  belligt- 
rant,  avec  I'intention  de  les  communi- 
qu«r  a  la  partie  adverse. 

Ainsi  les  militaires  non  deguises  qui 
ont  penetre  dans  la  zone  d'operations  de 
I'armee  ennemie,  a  Teffet  de  recueillir 
des  informations,  ne  sont  pas  consideres 
comme  espions.  De  meme,  ne  sont  pas 
consideres  comme  espions :  les  militaires 
et  les  non-militaires,  accomplissant  ou- 
vertement  leur  mission,  charges  de 
transmettre  de  depeches  destinees  soit  k 


17 


class  belong  likewise  the  individuals  sent 
in  balloons  to  deliver  despatches,  and  gen- 
erally to  maintain  communication  be- 
tween the  various  parts  of  an  army  or 
a  territory. 


leur  propre  armee,  soit  a  Tarmee  enne- 
mie.  A  cette  categoric  appartiennent 
egalement  les  individus  envoyes  en  bal- 
lon pour  transmettre  les  depeches,  et,  en 
general,  pour  entretenir  les  communica- 
tions entre  les  diverses  parties  d'une 
armee  ou  d'un  territoire. 


Article  XXX. 

A  spy  taken  in  the  act  can  not  be  pun- 
ished without  previous  trial. 

Article  XXXI. 


Article  30. 

L'espion  pris  sur  le  fait  ne  pourra  etn 
puni  sans  jugement  prealable. 

Article  31. 


A  spy  who,  after  rejoining  the  army  to  L'espion  qui,  ayaut  rejoint  I'armee  a 
which  he  belongs,  is  subsequently  cap-  laquelle  il  appartient,  est  capture  plus 
tured  by  the  enemy,  is  treated  as  a  pris-  tard  par  Tennemi,  est  traite  comme  pri- 
oner  of  war,  and  incurs  no  responsibility  sonnier  de  guerre  et  n'encourt  aucune 
for  his  previous  acts  of  espionage.  responsabilite  pour  ses  actes  d'espionnage 

anterieurs. 


Chapter  III. — On  Flags  of  Truce. 

Article  XXXII. 

An  individual  is  considered  as  bearing 
a  flag  of  truce  who  is  authorized  by  one 
of  the  belligerents  to  enter  into  communi- 
cation with  the  other,  and  who  carries  a 
white  flag.  He  has  a  right  to  inviola- 
bility, as  well  as  the  trumpeter,  bugler, 
or  drummer,  the  flag  bearer,  and  the  in- 
terpreter who  may  accompany  him. 


Chapitre  III. — Des  parlementaires. 

Article  32. 

Est  considere  comme  parlementaire 
I'individu  autorise  par  I'un  des  bellige- 
rants  k  entrer  en  pourparlers  avec  I'autre 
et  se  presentant  avec  le  drapeau  blanc, 
II  a  droit  k  I'inviolabilite  ainsi  que  la 
trompette,  clairon  ou  tambour,  le  porte- 
drapeau  et  I'interprete  qui  I'accompa- 
gneraient. 


Article  XXXIII. 

The  Chief  to  whom  a  flag  of  truce  is 
sent  is  not  obliged  to  receive  it  in  all  cir- 
cumstances. 

He  can  take  all  steps  necessary  to  pre- 
vent the  envoy  taking  advantage  of  his 
mission  to  obtain  information. 

In  case  of  abuse,  he  has  the  right  to 
detain  the  envoy  temporarily. 

Article  XXXIV. 

The  envoy  loses  his  rights  of  inviola- 
bility if  it  is  proved  beyond  doubt  that  he 
has  taken  advantage  of  his  privileged 
position  to  provoke  or  commit  an  act  of 
treachery. 


Article  33. 

Le  Chef  auquel  un  parlementaire  est 
expedie  n'est  pas  oblige  de  le  recevoir  en 
toutes  circonstances. 

II  peut  prendre  toutes  les  mesures 
necessaires  afin  d'empecher  le  parlemen- 
taire de  profiter  de  sa  mission  pour  se 
reuseigner. 

Hale  droit,  en  cas  d'abus,  de  retenir. 
temporairement  le  parlementaire. 

Article  34. 

Le  parlementaire  perd  ses  droits  d'in- 
violabilite,  s'il  est  prouve,  d'une  maniere 
positive  et  irrecusable,  qu'il  a  profite  de 
sa  position  privilegiee  pour  provoquerou 
commettre  un  acte  de  trahison. 


18 


Chapter  IV. — On  capitulations. 
Article  XXXV. 

Capitulations  agreed  on  between  the 
Contracting  Parties  must  be  in  accord- 
ance with  the  rules  of  military  honour. 

When  once  settled,  they  must  be  scru- 
pulously observed  by  both  the  parties. 

Chapter  V. — On  Armistices. 

Article  XXXVI. 

An  armistice  suspends  military  opera- 
tions by  mutual  agreement  between  the 
belligerent  parties.  If  its  duration  is  not 
fixed,  the  belligerent  parties  can  resume 
opei-ations  at  any  time,  provided  always 
the  enemy  is  warned  within  the  time 
agreed  upon,  in  accordance  with  the 
terms  of  the  armistice. 

Article  XXXVII. 


Chapitre  IV. — Des  capitulations. 
Article  35. 

Les  capitulations  arretees  entre  les 
parties  contractantes  doivent  tenir  compte 
des  regies  de  I'honneur  militaire. 

Line  fois  fixees,  elles  doivent  etre  scru- 
puleusement  observees  par  les  deux 
parties. 

Chapitre  V. — De  Varmistice. 

Article  36. 

L'armistice  suspend  les  operations  de 
guerre  par  un  accord  mutuel  des  parties 
bellige rants.  Si  la  duree  n'en  est  pas 
determinee,  les  parties  belligerantes  peu- 
vent  reprendre  en  tout  temps  les  opera- 
tions, pourvu  toutefois  que  I'ennemi  soit 
averti  en  temps  convenu,  conformement 
aux  conditions  de  I'annistice. 

Article  37. 


An  armistice  may  be  general  or  local.  L'armistice  pent  etre  general  ou  local. 
The  first  suspends  all  military  operations  Le  premier  suspend  partout  les  oper-i- 
of  the  belligerent  States;  the  second,  only  tions  de  guerre  des  Etats  belligerants;  le 
those  between  certain  fractions  of  the  second,  seulement  entre  certaines  frac- 
belligerent  armies  and  in  a  fixed  radius.      tions  des  armees  belligerantes  et  dans  un 

rayon  detei-mine. 


Article  XXXVIII. 

An  armistice  must  be  notified  officially, 
and  in  good  time,  to  the  competent 
authorities  and  the  troops.  Hostilities 
are  suspended  immediately  after  the  noti- 
fication, or  at  a  fixed  date. 


Article  38. 

L'armistice  doit  etre  notifie  officielle- 
ment  et  en  temps  utile  aux  autorites  com- 
peteutes  et  aux  troupes.  Les  hostilites 
sont  suspendues  immediatement  apres  la 
notification  ou  au  terme  fixe. 


Article  XXXIX. 

It  is  for  the  Contracting  Parties  to  set- 
tle, in  the  terms  of  the  armistice,  what 
communications  may  be  held,  on  the 
theatre  of  war,  with  the  population  and 
with  each  other. 

Article  XL. 

Any  serious  violation  of  the  armistice 
by  one  of  the  parties  gives  the  other 
party  the  right  to  denounce  it,  and  even, 
in  case  of  urgency,  to  recommence  hos- 
tilities at  once. 


Article  39. 

II  depend  des  parties  contractantes  de 
fixer,  dans  les  clauses  de  l'armistice,  les 
rapports  qui  pourraient  avoir  lieu,  sur  le 
theatre  de  la  guerre,  avec  les  populations 
et  entre  elles. 

Article  40. 

Toute  violation  grave  de  l'armistice, 
par  I'une  des  parties,  donne  k  I'autre  le 
droit  de  le  d^noncer  et  meme,  en  cas 
d'urgence,  de  reprendre  immediatement 
les  hostilites. 


19 


Article  XLI. 

A  violation  of  the  terms  of  the  armis- 
tice by  private  individuals  acting  on 
their  own  initiative,  only  confers  the 
right  of  demanding  the  punishment  of 
the  offenders,  and,  if  necessary,  indem- 
nity for  the  losses  sustained. 


Article  41. 

La  violation  des  clauses  de  rarmistice, 
par  des  particuliers  agissant  de  leur  pro- 
pre  initiative,  donne  droit  seulement  a 
r^clamer  la  punition  des  coupables  et,  s'il 
y  a  lieu,  une  indemnite  pour  les  pertes 
eprouv^es. 


SECTION  III.— On  Military  Author- 
ity OVER  Hostile  Territory. 


Article  XLII. 


SECTION    III.— De    l'Autorit^    Mili- 

TAIRE    SIR     LE    TERRITOIRE   DE    L'ETAT 

Ennemi. 

Article  42. 


Territory  is  considered  occupied  when  Un  territoire  est  considere  comme  oc- 

ii  is  actually  placed  under  the  authority  cupe  lorsqu'il  se  trouve  place  de  fait  sous 

of  the  hostile  army.  Tautorite  de  I'armee  ennemie. 

The    occupation    applies  only  to    the  L'occupation  ne  s'etend  qu'aux  terri- 

territory  where  such  authority  is  estab-  toires  ou  cette  autorite  est  etablie  et  en 

lished,  and  in  a  position  to  assert  itself.  mesure  de  s'exercer. 


Article  XLIII. 

The  authority  of  the  legitimate  power 
having  actually  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  occupant,  the  latter  shall  take  all 
steps  in  his  power  to  re-establish  and  in- 
sure, as  far  as  possible,  public  order  and 
safety,  while  respecting,  unless  abso- 
lutely prevented,  the  laws  in  force  in  the 
country. 

Article  XLIV. 


Article  43. 

L'autorite  du  pouvoir  legal  ayant  pa8s6 
de  fait  entre  les  mains  de  I'occupant, 
celui-ci  prendra  toutes  les  mesures  qui 
dependent  de  lui  en  vue  de  retablir  et 
d'assurer,  autant  qu'il  est  possible,  I'or- 
dre  et  la  vie  publics  en  respectant,  sauf 
empechement  absolu,  les  lois  en  vigueur 
dans  le  pays. 

Article  44. 


Any  compulsion  of  the  population  of  11  est  interdit  de  forcer  la  population 

occupied  territory  to  take  part  in  military  d'un  territoire  occupe  a  prendre  partaux 

operations  against  its    own    country  is  operations  militaires  contre   son   propre 

prohibited.  pays. 


Article  XLV. 


Article  45. 


Any  pressure  on  the  population  of  occu-  II  est  interdit  de  contraindre  la  popula- 
pied  territory  to  take  the  oath  to  the  tion  d'un  territoire  occup6  a  preter  ser- 
hostile  Power  is  prohibited.  meut  k  la  puissance  ennemie. 


Article  XLV  I. 

Family  honours  and  rights,  individual 
lives  and  private  property,  as  well  as  re- 
ligious convictions  and  liberty,  must  be 
respected. 

Private  property  can  not  be  confiscated. 


Article  46. 

L'honneur  et  les  droits  de  la  famille, 
la  vie  des  individus  et  la  propriete  priv6e, 
ainsi  que  les  convictions  religieuses  et 
Texercice  des  cultes,  doivent  etre  res- 
pectes. 

La  propriete  privee  ne  pent  pas  etre 
confisquee. 


30 


Article  XLVII. 

Pillage  is  formally  prohibited. 

Article  XLYIII. 

If,  in  the  territory  occupied,  the  occu- 
pant collects  the  taxes,  dues,  and  tolls 
imposed  for  the  benefit  of  the  State,  he 
shall  do  it,  as  far  as  possible,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  rules  in  existence  and  the 
assessment  in  force,  and  will  in  conse- 
quence be  bound  to  defray  the  expenses 
of  the  administration  of  the  occupied 
territory  on  the  same  scale  as  that  by 
which  the  legitimate  Government  w^as 
bound. 

Article  XLIX. 


Article  47. 

Le  pillage  est  formellement  interdit. 

Article  48. 

Si  I'occupant  preleve,  dans  le  territoire 
occupe,  les  impots,  droits  et  peages  etablis 
au  profit  de  I'Etat,  il  le  fera,  autant  que 
possible,  d'apres  les  regies  de  I'assiette  et 
de  la  repartition  en  vigueur,  et  il  en 
resultera  pour  lui  I'obligation  de  pourvoir 
aux  frais  de  I'administration  du  territoire 
occupe  dans  la  mesure  ofi  le  Gouverne- 
ment  legal  y  6tait  tenu. 


Article  49. 


If,  besides  the  taxes  mentioned  in  the  Si,  en  dehors  des  impots  vis6s  k  I'article 

preceding  Article,   the    occupant    levies  precedent,    I'occupant    preleve    d'autres 

other  money  taxes  in  the  occupied  terri-  contributions  en  argent  dans  le  territoire 

tory,  this  can  only  be  for  military  neces-  occupe,  ce  ue  pourra  etre  que  pour  les 

sities    or    the    administration    of    such  besoins  de  Tarmee  ou  de  I'administration 

territory.  de  ce  territoire. 


Article  L. 

No  general  penalty,  pecuniary  or  oth- 
erwise, can  be  inflicted  on  the  population 
on  account  of  the  acts  of  individuals  for 
which  it  can  not  be  regarded  as  collectively 
responsible. 

Article  LI. 

No  tax  shall  be  collected  except  under 
a  written  order  and  on  the  responsibility 
of  a  Commander-in-Chief. 

This  collection  shall  only  take  place,  as 
far  as  possible,  in  accordance  with  the 
rules  in  existence  and  the  assessment  of 
taxes  in  force. 

For  every  payment  a  receipt  shall  be 
given  to  the  taxpayer. 


Article  50. 

Aucune  peine  collective,  pecuniaire  ou 
autre,  ne  pourra  etre  edictee  contre  les 
populations  a  raison  de  faits  individuels 
dont  elles  ne  pourraient  etre  considerees 
comme  solidairement  responsables. 

Article  51. 

Aucune  contribution  ne  sera  perdue 
qu'en  vertu  d'un  ordre  ecrit  et  sous  la 
responsabilite  d'un  general  en  chef. 

II  ne  sera  procede,  autant  qUe  possible, 
a  cette  perception  que  d'apres  les  regies 
de  I'assiette  et  de  la  repartition  des  impots 
en  vigueur. 

Pour  toute  contribution  un  reyu  sera 
delivre  aux  contribuables. 


Article  LII. 


Article  52. 


Neither  requisition  in  kind  nor  services  Des  requisitions  en  nature  et  des  ser- 

can  be  demanded  from  communes  or  in-  vices  ne  pourront  etre  reclames  des  com- 

habitants  except  for  the  necessities  of  the  munes  ou  des  habitants,   que  pour  les 

army  of  occupation.     They  must  be  in  besoins  de  I'armee  d'oecupation.     lis  se- 

proportion  to  the  resources  of  the  country,  ront  en   rapport  avec  les  ressources  du 

and  of  such  a  nature  as  not  to  involve  the  pays  et  de  telle  nature  qu'ils  n'impliquent 


populatiou  in  the  obligation  of  taking 
part  in  military  operations  against  their 
country. 

These  requisitions  and  services  shall 
only  be  demanded  on  the  authority  of  the 
Commander  in  the  locality  occupied. 

The  contributions  iii  kind  shall,  as  far 
as  possible,  be  paid  for  in  ready  money ; 
if  not,  their  receipt  shall  be  acknowl- 
edged. 

Article  LIII. 

An  army  of  occupation  can  only  take 
possession  of  the  cash,  funds,  and  prop- 
erty liable  to  requisition  belonging  strictly 
to  the  State,  depots  of  arms,  means  of 
transport,  stores  and  supplies,  and,  gen- 
erally, all  movable  property  of  the  State 
which  may  be  used  for  military  operations. 

Railway  plant,  land  telegraphs,  tele- 
phones, steamers  and  other  ships,  apart 
from  cases  governed  by  maritime  law,  as 
well  as  depots  of  arms  and,  genemlly,  all 
kinds  of  war  material,  even  though  be- 
longing to  Companies  or  to  private  .  er- 
sons,  are  likewise  material  which  may 
serve  for  military  operations,  but  they 
mu  st  be  restored  at  the  concl  usion  of  peace, 
and  indemnities  paid  for  them. 


pas  pour  les  populations  Pobligation  de 
prendre  part  aux  operations  de  la  guerre 
centre  leur  patrie. 

Ces  requisitions  et  ces  services  ne  seront 
reclames  qu'avec  I'autorisation  du  com- 
mandant dans  la  localite  occupee. 

Les  prestations  en  nature  seront,  autant 
que  possible,  payees  au  comptant ;  sinon, 
elles  seront  constatees  par  des  ref;us. 


Article  53. 

L'armee  qui  occupe  un  territoire  ne 
pourra  saisir  que  le  numeraire,  les  fonds 
et  les  valeurs  exigibles  appartenant  en 
propre  k  I'Etat,  les  depots  d'armes, 
moyens  de  transport,  magaeins  et  appro- 
visionnements  et,  en  general,  toute  pro- 
priete  mobiliere  de  I'Etat  de  nature  a 
servir  aux  operations  de  la  guerre. 

Le  materiel  des  chemins  de  fer,  les  te- 
legraphes  de  terre,  les  telephones,  les 
bateaux  a  vapeur  et  autres  navires,  en 
dehors  des  cas  regis  par  la  loi  maritime, 
de  meme  que  les  depots  d'armes  et  en  ge- 
neral toute  espece  de  munitions  de  guerre, 
meme  appartenant  a  des  societes  ou  a  des 
personnes  privees,  sont  egalement  des 
moyens  de  nature  a  servir  aux  operations 
de  la  guerre,  mais  devront  etre  restitu6s, 
et  les  indemnites  seront  reglees  a  la  paix. 


Article  LIV. 

The  plant  of  railways  coming  from 
neutral  States,  whether  the  property  of 
those  States,  or  of  Companies,  or  of  private 
persons,  shall  be  sent  back  to  them  as 
soon  as  possible. 


Article  54. 

Le  materiel  des  chemins  de  fer  prove- 
nant  d'Elats  neutres,  qu'il  appartieunea 
ces  Etats  ou  a  des  societes  ou  personnes 
privees,  leur  sera  reuvoye  aussitot  que 
possible. 


Article  LV. 

The  occupying  State  shall  only  be  re- 
garded as  administrator  and  usufructuary 
of  the  public  buildings,  real  property, 
forests,  and  agricultural  works  belonging 
to  the  horftile  State,  and  situated  in  the 
occupied  country.  It  must  protect  the 
capital  of  these  properties,  and  administer 
it  according  to  the  rules  of  usufruct. 


.\rticle  55. 

L'Etat  occupant  ne  se  considerera  que 
comme  administrateur  et  usufruitier  des 
edifices  publics,  immeubles,  forets  et  ex- 
ploitations agricoles  appartenant  a  I'Etat 
ennemi  et  se  trouvant  dans  le  pays  occupe. 
II  devra  sauvegarder  le  fond  de  ces  pro- 
prietes  et  les  administrer  couformement 
aux  regies  de  I'usufruit. 


23 


Article  LVI. 

The  property  of  the  communes,  that  of 
religious,  charitable,  and  educational  in- 
stitutions, and  those  of  arts  and  science, 
even  when  State  propertj',  shall  be  treated 
as  private  property. 

All  seizure  of,  and  destruction,  or  in- 
tentional damage  done  to  such  institu- 
tions, to  historical  monuments,  works  of 
art  or  science,  is  prohibited,  and  should 
be  made  the  subject  of  proceedings. 

SECTION  IV.— On  the  Internment  of 
Belligerents  and  the  Care  of  the 
Wounded  in  Neutral  Countries. 


Article  56. 

Les  biens  des  communes,  ceux  des  eta- 
blissements  consacres  aux  cultes,  a  la 
charite  et  a  Tinstruction,  aux  arts  et  aux 
sciences,  meme  appartenant  a  I'Etat, 
seront  traites  comme  la  propriete  privee. 

Toute  saisie,  destruction  ou  degrada- 
tion intentionnelle  de  semblables  eta- 
blissements,  de  monuments  historiques, 
d'oeuvres  d'art  et  de  science,  est  interdite 
ot  doit  etre  poursuivie. 

SECTION   IV.— Des   Belligkrants  In- 

TERNfiS    ET   DES   BlESSLS   S01Gn£s   CHEZ 
LES   NeUTRES. 


Article  LVII. 

A  neutral  Stat«  which  receives  in  its 
territory  troops  belonging  to  the  belliger- 
ent armies  shall  intern  them,  as  far  as 
possible,  "at  a  distance  from  the  theater  of 
war. 

It  can  keep  them  in  camps,  and  even 
confine  them  in  fortresses  or  locations 
assigned  for  this  purpose. 

It  shall  decide  whether  officers  may  be 
left  at  liberty  on  giving  their  parole  that 
they  will  not  leave  the  neutral  territory 
without  authorization. 


Article  57. 

L'Etat  neutre  qui  re9oit  sur  son  terri- 
toire  des  troupes  appartenant  aux  armees 
belligerantes,  les  internera,  autant  que 
possible,  loin  du  theatre  de  la  guerre. 

II  pourra  les  garder  dans  des  camps,  et 
meme  les  enfermer  dans  les  forteresses  ou 
dans  des  lieux  appropri6s  k  cet  effet. 

II  decidera  si  les  offlciers  peuvent  etre 
laisses  libres  en  prenant  I'engagement 
sur  parole  de  ne  pas  quitter  le  territoire 
neutre  sans  autorisation. 


Article  LVIII. 

Failing  a  special  Convention,  the  neu- 
tral State  shall  supply  the  interned  with 
the  food,  clothing,  and  relief  required  by 
humanity. 

At  the  conclusion  of  peace,  the  expenses 
caused  by  the  internment  shall  be  made 
good. 


Article  58 

A  defaut  de  convention  speciale,  I'Etat 
neutre  fournira  aux  internes  les  vivres, 
les  habillements  et  les  secours  commandes 
par  I'humanite. 

Bonification  sera  faite,  a  la  paix,  des 
frais  occasionnes  par  I'internement. 


Article  LIX. 

A.  neutral  State  may  authorize  the 
passage  through  its  territory  of  wounded 
or  sick  belonging  to  the  belligerent  ar- 
mies, on  condition  that  the  trains  bring- 
ing them  shall  carry  neither  combatants 
nor  war  material.  In  such  a  case,  the 
neutral  State  is  bound  to  adopt  such 
measures  of  safety  and  control  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  purpose. 


Article  59. 

L'Etat  neutre  pourra  autoriser  le  pas- 
sage sur  son  territoire  des  blesses  ou  ma- 
lades  appartenant  aux  armees  bellige- 
rantes, sous  la  reserve  que  les  trains  qui 
les  ameneront  ne  transporteront  ni  per- 
sonnel ni  materiel  de  guerre.  En  pareil 
cas,  I'Etat  neutre  est  tenu  de  prendre 
les  mesures  de  sftrete  et  de  controle 
necessaires  a  cet  effet. 


23 

Wounded  and  sick  brought  under  these  Les  blesses  ou  malades  anienes  dans  ces 

conditions  into  ueutml  territorj' by  one  conditions  sur  le  territoire  neutre  par  uu 

of  the  belligerents,  and  belonging  to  the  des  belligerants,  et  qui  appartiendraient 

hostile  party,  must  be  guarded  by  the  a  la  partie  adverse,  devront  Ctre  gardes 

neutral  State,  so  as  to  insure  their  not  par  I'Etat  neutre,  de  uianiere  qu'ils  ne 

taking  part  again  in  the  military  opera-  puissent  de  nouveau   prendre  part  aux 

tious.     The  same  duty  shall  devolve  on  operations  de   la  guerre.     Celui-ci  aura 

the  neutral  State  with  regard  to  wounded  les  raenies  devoirs  quant  aux  blesses  ou 

or  sick  of  the  other  army  who  may  be  malades  de  Tautre  armee  qui  lui  seraient 

committed  to  its  care.  confies. 

Article  LX.  Article  60. 

The  Geneva  Convention  applies  to  sick  La  Convention  de  Geneve  s'applique 
and  wounded  interned  in  neutral  terri-  aux  malades  et  aux  blesses  internes  sur 
ritory.  territoire  neutre. 

And  whei-eas  the  said  Convention  was  duly  ratified  by  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  thereof, 
and  by  the  Governments  of  the  other  Powers  aforesaid,  with  the  exception  of  Sweden 
and  Norway,  and  Turkey; 

And  whereas,  in  pursuance  of  the  stipulations  of  Article  III  of  the  said  Convention, 
the  i-atifications  of  the  said  Convention  were  deposited  at  The  Hague  on  the  4th  day 
of  September,  1900,  by  the  Plenipotentiaries  of  the  Governments  of  Germany,  Austria- 
Hungary,  Belgium,  Denmark,  Spain,  France,  Great  Britain,  Italy,  the  Netherlands, 
Persia,  Portugal,  Koumania,  Russia,  Siam,  and  Bulgaria ;  on  the  6th  day  of  October, 
1900,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of  Japan  ;  on  the  16th  day  of  October, 
1900,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of  Montenegro ;  on  the  4th  day  of 
April,  1901,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of  Greece ;  on  the  17th  day 
of  April,  1901,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of  Mexico;  on  the  11th 
day  of  May,  1901,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of  Servia,  and  on  the 
12th  day  of  July,  1901,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of  Luxemburg, 
and  on  the  5th  day  of  April,  1902,  by  the  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  of  America  : 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  Theodore  Roosevelt,  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  have  caused  the  said  Convention  to  be  made  public,  to  the  end 
that  the  same  and  every  clause  thereof  may  be  observed  and  fulfilled  with  good  faith 
by  the  United  States  and  the  citizens  thereof. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United 
States  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington  this  eleventh  day  of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 

P  -■  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  two,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the 

United  States  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-sixth. 

Theodore  Roosevelt. 

By  the  President : 

David  J.  Hill, 

Acting  Hecretanj  of  State. 

By  COMMAND  OF  Lieutenant-General  Miles: 

GEO.  ANDREWS, 
Acting  Adjutant  General. 


14  DAY  USE 

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LOAN  DEPT. 

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4,'64 


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General  Library     . 


Caylord  Bros. 

Makers 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

PAT.  JAN.  21,  1908 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  UBRARY 


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